[iOS] Acceptence Test Implementation

Lets code base on Technical stories

Photo by Ainur Khakimov on Unsplash

Prerequisite

• Xcode 16
• Min iOS 14
• Swift 5
• SceneDelegate
• ViewInspector

Technical Stories

Implement Navigation Logic

As a developer,
I need to implement navigation logic for moving between screens,
So that users can move through the app seamlessly.

Tasks:
Use UINavigationController to handle the navigation stack.
Ensure each screen transition is animated.

Add Accessibility Identifiers

As a developer,
I need to add accessibility identifiers to UI elements,
So that the app is testable and accessible.

Tasks:
Add PAGE_ONE_BUTTON, PAGE_TWO_BUTTON, and TEXT_DESCRIPTION identifiers.

Lets create our simple navigation logic with SwiftUI and UIKit. We have 3 Pages : HomeView, PageOneView and PageTwoView.

Architecture and Code Design Choices

View Decoupling with Closures

Each view accepts closures (showPageOne, showPageTwo) to handle navigation. This achieves:

• Separation of concerns: Views don’t own navigation logic; they simply emit events.
• Testability: Navigation behavior can be injected or mocked, simplifying integration testing.
• Reusability: Views remain agnostic of their parent or navigation context, making them composable and usable in different scenarios.

UIKit-SwiftUI Interoperability

The use of UIHostingController embeds SwiftUI views into a UINavigationController stack. This is useful when:

• You are incrementally adopting SwiftUI in a UIKit-based project.
• You want granular control over navigation, as SwiftUI’s native navigation APIs (e.g., NavigationStack) can feel restrictive or limited for complex workflows.

Accessibility Identifiers for Testing

Accessibility identifiers (like PAGE_ONE_BUTTON) decouple test logic from the view hierarchy. This is crucial in maintaining robust UI tests:

Why this matters:

• The identifier remains stable even if the UI hierarchy changes.
• Tests target user-visible elements instead of brittle paths in the view tree.

This practice makes the code future-proof for UI changes and aligns with accessibility standards.

enum Constant {
    static let helloWorld = "Hello world"
    static let goToPageOne = "Go to Page One"
    static let pageOne = "Page One"
    static let presentPageTwo = "Present Page Two"
    static let pageTwo = "Page Two"
}

struct HomeView: View {
    var showPageOne: () -> Void
    
    init(showPageOne: @escaping () -> Void) {
        self.showPageOne = showPageOne
    }
    
    enum Identifier: String {
        case PAGE_ONE_BUTTON
    }
    
    var body: some View {
        Text(Constant.helloWorld)
        
        Button(Constant.goToPageOne) {
            showPageOne()
        }
        .accessibilityIdentifier(Identifier.PAGE_ONE_BUTTON.rawValue)
    }
}

struct PageOneView: View {
    var showPageTwo: () -> Void
    
    init(showPageTwo: @escaping () -> Void) {
        self.showPageTwo = showPageTwo
    }
    
    enum Identifier: String {
        case PAGE_TWO_BUTTON
    }
    
    var body: some View {
        Text(Constant.pageOne)
        Button(Constant.presentPageTwo) {
            showPageTwo()
        }
        .accessibilityIdentifier(Identifier.PAGE_TWO_BUTTON.rawValue)
    }
}

struct PageTwoView: View {
    enum Identifier: String {
        case TEXT_DESCRIPTION
    }
    
    var body: some View {
        Text(Constant.pageTwo)
            .accessibilityIdentifier(Identifier.TEXT_DESCRIPTION.rawValue)
    }
}

Test Strategy

The BaseAppAcceptanceTests simulate UI flows from launch to completion:

App Lifecycle Simulation:
The test manually invokes SceneDelegate's scene(_:willConnectTo:options:), bypassing the usual app lifecycle. This is crucial for:

• Isolating the test environment.
• Fully controlling navigation and scene setup.

class SceneDelegate: UIResponder, UIWindowSceneDelegate {
    var window: UIWindow?

    func scene(_ scene: UIScene, willConnectTo session: UISceneSession, options connectionOptions: UIScene.ConnectionOptions) {
        // Use this method to optionally configure and attach the UIWindow `window` to the provided UIWindowScene `scene`.
        // If using a storyboard, the `window` property will automatically be initialized and attached to the scene.
        // This delegate does not imply the connecting scene or session are new (see `application:configurationForConnectingSceneSession` instead).
        guard let scene = (scene as? UIWindowScene) else { return }
        let navigation = UINavigationController()
        window = UIWindow(windowScene: scene)
        window?.rootViewController = navigation
        navigation.setViewControllers([
            UIHostingController(rootView: HomeView(showPageOne: {
                navigation.pushViewController(UIHostingController(rootView: PageOneView(showPageTwo: {
                    navigation.present(UIHostingController(rootView: PageTwoView()), animated: true)
                })), animated: true)
            }))
        ], animated: true)
        window?.rootViewController?.view.backgroundColor = .white
        window?.makeKeyAndVisible()
    }
}

View Inspection Extensions:
Extensions on HomeView, PageOneView, and PageTwoView encapsulate the test logic. For example:

extension HomeView {
    func showPageOne() throws {
        try inspect()
            .find(viewWithAccessibilityIdentifier: Identifier.PAGE_ONE_BUTTON.rawValue)
            .button()
            .tap()
    }
}

extension PageOneView {
    func showPageTwo() throws {
        try inspect()
            .find(viewWithAccessibilityIdentifier: Identifier.PAGE_TWO_BUTTON.rawValue)
            .button()
            .tap()
    }
}

extension PageTwoView {
    func getString() throws -> String {
        try inspect()
            .find(viewWithAccessibilityIdentifier: Identifier.TEXT_DESCRIPTION.rawValue)
            .text()
            .string()
    }
}

Navigation Tests:
The TestApp helper class abstracts interaction with the app under test:

• It navigates between views by triggering closures (showPageOne, showPageTwo).
• Validates state transitions using XCTUnwrap and view inspection.

private class TestApp {
    private var navigation: UINavigationController?
    
    func launch() throws {
        let sceneDelegate = SceneDelegate()
        let scene = try XCTUnwrap((UIWindowScene.self as NSObject.Type).init() as? UIWindowScene)
        let session = try XCTUnwrap((UISceneSession.self as NSObject.Type).init() as? UISceneSession)
        let options = try XCTUnwrap((UIScene.ConnectionOptions.self as NSObject.Type).init() as? UIScene.ConnectionOptions)
        sceneDelegate.scene(scene, willConnectTo: session, options: options)
        
        navigation = sceneDelegate.window?.rootViewController as? UINavigationController
    }
    
    func showPageOne() throws {
        let contentView = try XCTUnwrap(navigation?.topViewController as? UIHostingController<HomeView>).rootView
        contentView.showPageOne()
    }
    
    func showPageTwo() throws {
        let contentView = try XCTUnwrap(navigation?.topViewController as? UIHostingController<PageOneView>).rootView
        contentView.showPageTwo()
    }
    
    func getString() throws -> String {
        let contentView = try XCTUnwrap(navigation?.presentedViewController as? UIHostingController<PageTwoView>).rootView
        return try contentView.getString()
    }
}

Assertions:
The final test assertion validates the content of PageTwoView:

final class BaseAppAcceptenceTests: XCTestCase {
    
    func test() throws {
        let app = TestApp()
        try app.launch()
        try app.showPageOne()
        try app.showPageTwo()
        
        XCTAssertEqual(try app.getString(), Constant.pageTwo)
    }
}

This confirms the UI rendered the correct state post-navigation.